What states have right to work laws?

A state is considered a "right-to-work" state if it prohibits unions from negotiating contracts with employers that provide for a "union shop."

A union shop is a workplace in which all employees are required to pay union dues.

According to Wikipedia, The Taft-Hartley Act permitted employers and unions to operate under a union shop rule. All new employees must join the union after a minimum period after their hire.

Under union shop rules, employers are obliged to fire employees who have avoided paying required membership dues. The union cannot demand that the employer discharge an employee who has been expelled from membership for any other reason.

A similar arrangement to the union shop is the agency shop, under which employees must pay the equivalent of union dues, but need not formally join such union.

The Taft-Hartley Act goes further and authorizes individual states (but not local governments, such as cities or counties) to outlaw the union shop and agency shop for employees working in their jurisdictions.

Under the open shop rule, an employee cannot be compelled to join or pay the equivalent of dues to a union, nor can the employee be fired if he or she joins the union.

In other words, the employee has the right to work and be represented by the union, regardless of whether or not the employee pays union dues.
 
A state that allows union shops is considered by unions to be  "free-bargaining."

Currently, 22 states, including Iowa in the Midwest, are right to work, according to the National Right to Work Legal Defense Foundation. in contrast, 28 states and the DC are "free-bargaining."

sources: Politifact and Wikipedia

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