Labor Day is a
United States federal holiday observed on the first Monday in September (September 7 in 2009).
The holiday originated in Canada out of labor disputes ("Nine-Hour Movement") first in Hamilton, then in Toronto, Canada in the 1870s, which resulted in a Trade Union Act which legalized and protected union activity in 1872 in Canada.
In 1882, American labor leader Peter J. McGuire witnessed one of these labor festivals in Toronto. Inspired from Canadian events in Toronto, he returned the USA, to New York and organized the first American "labor day" on September 5 of the same year.
The first Labor Day in the United States was celebrated on
September 5, 1882 in New York City.
In the aftermath of the deaths of a number of workers at the hands of
the US military and
US Marshals during the 1894
Pullman Strike,
President Grover Cleveland put reconciliation with Labor as a top political priority. Fearing further conflict, legislation making Labor Day a national holiday was rushed through
Congress unanimously and signed into law a mere six days after the end of the strike.
Pullman Strike
Cleveland was also concerned that aligning a US labor holiday with existing
international May Day celebrations would stir up negative emotions linked to the
Haymarket Affair.
All 50
U.S. states have made Labor Day a
state holiday.
Traditionally, Labor Day is celebrated by most Americans as the symbolic end of the
summer. The holiday is a day of rest and parades. Speeches or political demonstrations are more low-key than
May 1 Labor Day celebrations in most countries, although events held by labor organizations often feature political themes and appearances by candidates for office, especially in election years.
1942 Labor Day parade
Forms of celebration include picnics, barbecues, fireworks displays, water sports, and public art events. Families with school-age children take it as the last chance to travel before the end of summer recess. Similarly, some teenagers and young adults view it as the last weekend for parties before returning to school.
Although the right wing will suggest that May Day, the International Labor Day, is socialistic or communistic, this is untrue.
May Day can refer to various
labor celebrations conducted on May 1 that commemorate the fight for the
eight hour day. May Day in this regard is called
International Workers' Day, or
International Labor Day. The idea for a "workers holiday" began in Australia in 1856.
With the idea having spread around the world, the choice of May 1st became a commemoration by the
Second International for the people involved in the
1886 Haymarket affair.
The Haymarket affair occurred during a three-day
general strike in
Chicago that involved common laborers, artisans, merchants, and immigrants.
Haymarket Affair
Following an incident in which police opened fire and killed four strikers at the
McCormick Harvesting Machine Co. plant, a rally was called for the following day at
Haymarket Square. The event remained peaceful, yet towards the end of the rally, as police moved in to disperse the event, an unknown assailant threw a bomb into the crowd of police. The bomb and resulting
police riot left at least a dozen people dead, including seven policemen.
A sensational
show trial ensued in which eight defendants were openly tried for their political beliefs, and not necessarily for any involvement in the bombing.
The trial led to the eventual
public hanging of seven
anarchists.
The Haymarket incident was a source of outrage from people around the globe.
In the following years, memory of the "Haymarket martyrs" was remembered with various May Day job actions and demonstrations.
May Day has become an international celebration of the social and economic achievements of the
labor movement.
source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labor_Day
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